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The G-Spot



The Gräfenberg spot, or G-spot, is a small area in the genital area of women behind the pubic bone and surrounding the urethra. It is named after a German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg. It was once believed to be a bundle of nerves in or around the vaginal walls but is now reported to be the same as, or part of, the urethral sponge (Heath, 1984), the site of Skene's glands, a homologue of the prostate that exists in many women believed to be the source of female ejaculation. It is located on the ventral side of the vagina, about half way between the pubic bone and cervix. When this spot is stroked, there is a sensation or urge to urinate, but if the stroking is continued during sexual arousal it can be sexually pleasurable (Shibley Hyde, J. and DeLamater, J.D., Understanding Human Sexuality, Eighth Edition (2003)). For some women, it can be a primary source of stimulation leading to orgasm during intercourse while having sex in positions that use the penis to stimulate the frontal wall of the vagina.

The G-spot may not be just one discrete spot. Natalie Angier contends that it is merely the deep nerves of the clitoris as they pass through the tissue to connect with the spinal column. The clitoris has deep roots and may in fact change in size and slightly change in location as hormone levels fluctuate throughout a woman's life.

Understanding the G-Spot and Female Sexuality:$4.95

The Clitoris



The female clitoris corresponds to homologous parts of the male penis, i.e., embryologically it comes from the same tissue that forms the penis. The trigger for forming a penis instead of a clitoris is the action of testosterone in utero.

The organ is formed out of corpus cavernosum, a rich collection of capillary tissue with a substantial presence of nerve tissue. It contains roughly the same number of nerve endings as the penis[1], and it is particularly well-suited for sexual stimulation.

The outside portion of the clitoris, the clitoral glans, is entirely or partially covered by the clitoral hood or prepuce, tissue that is homologous to the foreskin in males. In humans, the clitoral body then extends several centimeters upwards and to the back, before splitting into two arms, the clitoral crura. Shaped like an inverted "V", these crura extend around and to the interior of the labia majora. Including external and internal components, it is thought the clitoris is similar in size to the penis.

Most of the clitoris is hidden, and external stimulation of the entire clitoris can result in a more profound sexual response. There is considerable variation among women with regard to how much of the clitoris protrudes from the hood and how much is covered by it, ranging from complete, covered invisibility to full, protruding visibility. Additionally, the size of the external clitoral shaft varies greatly; it may be smaller than a pencil eraser, or larger than a grape[2]. Recently, urologist Dr. Helen O'Connell discovered that erectile tissue lies beneath the external glans, splitting off into two 11 cm "legs", with more tissue branching down near the vaginal opening.[3] One explanation advanced for the vaginal orgasm is that it results from stimulation of the internal parts of the clitoris during vaginal penetration. Nevertheless, some women experience both clitoral and vaginal orgasms and distinguish between them in terms of both the physical and general sensations associated with each, and the structure of the G-spot, located inside the vagina, must also be taken into consideration.

During sexual arousal, the clitoris enlarges as its erectile tissue fills with blood. Shortly before orgasm, this erection often increases further, drawing the clitoris upwards, so that viewed from the outside it actually appears to shrink.


The Skene's Glands



In human anatomy, the Skene's glands (also known as the lesser vestibular or paraurethral glands) are glands located on the upper wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening. The location of the Skene's glands is also known as the Gräfenberg spot or G-spot; the general area is the urethral sponge. The Skene's glands are homologous with the prostate gland in males.

Some believe that the Skene's glands are the source of female ejaculation.

In 2002, Emanuele Jannini of L'Aquila University in Italy showed that there may be an explanation both for the phenomenon and for the frequent denials of its existence. Skene's glands have highly variable anatomy, and in some extreme cases they appear to be missing entirely. If Skene's glands are the cause of female ejaculation and g-spot orgasms, this may explain the observed absence of these phenomena in many women.

The milky fluid that emerges during female ejaculation is alleged to have a composition similar to the fluid generated in males by the prostate gland.

The glands were named after the physician who described them first, Alexander Skene.


The Urethra



In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for sperm.

The external urethral sphincter is a smooth muscle that allows voluntary control over urination.

Female urethra (labeled at bottom right.)In the human female, the urethra is about 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) long and opens in the vulva between the clitoris and the vaginal opening.

Men have a longer urethra than women. This means that women tend to be more susceptible to infections of the bladder (cystitis) and the urinary tract.



The "Female Prostate"



Women do not have an exact equivalent of the male prostate gland, an essential part of the male reproductive system. They do, though, have structures which are homologous to the male prostate, this meaning that they have developed from the same embryonic tissue. (The testicles of the male and the ovaries of the female are also homologous.) These are called para-urethral glands or Skene’s glands – although the term ‘Skene’s glands’ is often reserved for the two para-urethral glands closest to the opening of the urethra. They are there because, for the first weeks of pregnancy, the male and female embryo are not yet differentiated.

The size and structure of the para-urethral glands varies, it seems relatively considerably, from woman to woman. The fluid they produce is similar to that produced by the male prostate and, as in the male, passes into the urethra – and in some cases may pass into the vagina. The glands fill with fluid during sexual arousal and may be felt through the vaginal wall. The swelling of the tissue surrounding the urethra may be a combination of the glands filling with fluid and of the swelling of the woman’s erectile tissue, the corpus spongiosum, which latter, in the male, gives a man his erection. Swelling of the non-visible part of the clitoris will also be evident.

It is, it seems, the rhythmic contractions of pelvic muscle during orgasm which expel the accumulated fluid as at least one constituent of female ejaculation. The amount of fluid released can be considerable, through repeated filling and emptying of the glands during orgasm.